Preparation of high molecular



' Aug. 8; 1944. Y PARKER 2,355,325

I ELECTRIC HOIST Filed April 8, 1942 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR HH/D/W/AA') ff 84/215? r A NEYS Patented Aug. 8, 1944 Humphrey F. Parker-,Kenmur, N. Y., assignor to Columbus, McKinnon Chain Corporation, Tonawanda, N. L, a corporation of New York Application April 8, 1942, Serial No. 438,133

3 Claims. (01. 254-168) My invention relates in general to hoists and more particularly to electric hoists of the cable type.

It is well known to those skilled in the art that certain parts of the cable of a hoist receive greater usage and, therefore, are subject to greater Wear, particularly'where the hoist is used repeatedly to lift the load the same distance. Under such conditions it is desirable to reverse the cable and thus bring a new section into active use. In cases where the wear is such as to require a new cable, the old one may be reversed and used temporarily until a new one can be obtained, thus permitting the hoist to be operated Without interruption.

The general object of my invention has been, therefore, to provide a hoist having a cable .formed at 'each end with duplicate anchors,

whereby the dead end of the cable may be re-- versed and anchored to the drum, and the drum end maybe attached to the frame, thereby doubling the period of usefulness.

Another object has been to provide fastening means for the anchors, whereby they may be conveniently removed and interchanged.

The above objects and advantages have been accomplished by the device shown'in the accompanying drawings, of which:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of an electric hoist embodying my invention, portions thereof being broken away; and

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on line II--II of Fig. 1, with a portion of the drum broken away.

My'hoist comprises a frame If) having an intermediate compartment I I at one end of 'which is secured a control housing l2, and at the other end of which is secured a gear housing l3. A cover 14 is provided for the control housing, and a cover 15 is likewise provided for the gear housing, whereby the mechanism contained within each of these housings is readily accessible.

The intermediate compartment comprises an outer wall l6 which extends part way around the frame, a motor cover being provided at the side of the frame opposite the wall. The casing and motor cover are so proportioned as to provide a centrally" arranged opening 2| through which the cable 22of my hoist may pass.

The intermediate compartment ll of my in vention houses a drum 23 anda motor 24. The drum is of the usual type. and is suitably mounted within the compartment'forrotation, and it is formed on its periphery with the usual helical groove 25 for the reception of the cable 22. The

motor 24 is suitably connected to the drum by well known gearing (not shown) mounted within the gear housing I3. The intermediate compartment II is provided with an end plate 30 at the control housing end and with an end plate 3| at the gear housing end thereof. These end plates are secured to the outer wall l6 of the compartment in any suitable way, but preferably by weldmg.

A suspending rib 32 extends longitudinally across the compartment and is secured to the end plates 30 and 3| preferably by welding. This rib may be formed of two Z-bars 33 and 34 having their downwardly extending legs 35 interspaced for the reception of the idler sheave 36 which is used when the hoist is designed for four-part rope reeving. The sheave is rotatably mounted upon a shaft 31. The upwardly extending legs 40 of the Z-bars provide suitable flanges for attaching suspending hooks or a trolley. A four-part hook block 4| is provided for the hoist illustrated in the drawings.

The cable 22 of my devicehasan anchor 42 secured to the dead end 43 thereof and this anchor is engaged with an anchor block 44. This block preferably comprises two duplicate parts 45 secured together by a bolt 46 at their outer ends and also secured together and to an anchor bracket 50 by means of a bolt 5|. The anchor bracket is preferably formed with an upturned end 52 which engages the lower end of the end plate 3| of the intermediate compartment. The cable passes upwardly over a dead end spool 53 which is carried by the downwardly extending legs 35 of the Z-bars. A screw 54 is passed upwardly through the spool and has its upper end located near the top of the rib whereby the cable will'be retained in position thereon. From the spool 53 the cable passes downwardly and over one of the sheaves of the hook block 4|, thence upwardly around the idler sheave 36, downwardly around the other sheave of the hook block, and then upwardly to the periphery of thedrum. The cable is then wound about the drum and the cable end 55 thereof is secured to the drum. This end of the cable has an anchor 56 similar to or identical with the anchor 42 and this anchor is suitably secured to this end of the cable. This end of the cable may be anchored to thedrum in any suitable way and for convenience in the drawings I have shown a well known method in which a threaded recess 60 is provided in the end'of the'drum at the end of the groove. A recess BI is also provided which extends from the periphery 60 a sufiicient distance. The recess Patented Aug. 8,

PREPARATION OF HIGH MOLECULAR CELLULOSE DERIVATIVES Siegfried Petersen, Leverkusen-Schlebusch, and Karl Taube, Leverkusen-I. G. Werk, Germany;

vested in the Alien Property Custodian.

No Drawing. Application July 1, 1941, Serial No. 400,715. In Germany June 6, 1940 (Cl. ll855) 10 Claims.

The present invention relates to the preparation of high molecular cellulose derivatives and to the new products which are obtainable there- In accordance with a known process. halogenides of dior polybasic acids are caused to react upon such cellulose derivatives as still contain free hydroxy groups. The said process results in the forming of a net work between the cellulose molecules. In consequence thereof, the cellulose derivatives become insoluble in organic solvents or at least only capable of being swollen thereby. The said prior known process is accompanied by the disadvantage that during reaction free hydrogen chloride is evolved which may have a breaking-down effect upon the cellulose derivatives. Moreover, in practice the prior known process can be performed only by contacting the ready made shaped articles from such cellulose derivatives either with a solution or with a vapor of carboxylic acid halogenides of the character described. If one would try to dissolve these starting materials in a common solvent they would enter into reaction spontaneously and the reaction product would be precipitated as an insoluble mass which is no longer capable of being molded or only with difficulty.

It is the object of our present invention to obviate these difficulties and to develop a new process which allows one to convert such cellulose derivatives into a higher molecular state,'

thus improving their stability towards heatand towards organic solvents, without affecting their capability of being molded. Other objects will be apparent from the following description and claims.

In accordance with ,our present invention esters, ortho-esters or acetals which contain several functional groups which are capable of undergoing a re-esterification or a re-acetalisation reaction at a temperature up to about 220 C. are caused to react at a higher temperature upon cellulose derivatives of the character described. The heating of such starting materials with each other results in the formation of a net work between the cellulose derivatives, alcohols, phenols and so on being split oif from the said esters, ortho-esters or acetals and replaced by the cellolose derivatives. The re-esterification, and reacetalisation reactions described occur only at a higher temperature, so that mixtures containing both types of starting materials can be stored, worked and molded in the usual manner. Thus, lacquer solutions can be built up from'sta'rting materials of the character described, if. desired,

with the addition of softeners, pigments and dyestuffs. Lacquer solutions of the character described can beapplied onto any desired surface and, after drying, baked by exposing the coatings to a temperature of above about C. The

coatings thus obtained are characterized by their excellent stability towards organic solvents. Furthermore, solutions containing cellulose derivatives of the character described and esters, orthoesters or acetals of the type referred to above can be employed for preparing threads, foils or bristles according to a dry or wet spinning process, which after having been exposed to a temperature of say above about 150 C. show an improved stability towards solvents and heat. Finally, our new process can be made use of in the preparation of heat-hardening materials which can be employed for the making of molded articles.

As cellulose derivatives which can be employed for the process of our'present invention there may be employed partly alkylated, aralkylated or acylated cellulose derivatives such as cellulose, benzylcellulos'e, cellulose acetate, celluose propionate and mixed esters such as aceto butyrate.

Suitable esters and ortho-esters and acetals of 6 parts of acetylcellulose (54% of acetyl) are dissolved in 24 parts of acetone, 12 parts-of toluene and 18 parts of glycol-monomethyletheracetate. 1 part of sulfurous Liebigs Annalen, dissolved in some acetone is added to the solution. The solution thus prepared is applied or sprayed onto a support; after drying the coating is baked by a short heating to -190 C. There is obtained an adhesive coating,which is insoluble in acetone.

Example 2 2 parts of oxalic acid-bis-phenylester being dissolved in a mixture of 4 parts of alcohol and 4 parts of glycolmono-methyl-etheracetate is mixed with a solution of 10 parts of acetyl-ce'llulose of the composition as described in Example 1. The clear lacquer obtained is applied onto a support and, after drying, baked by a short heating to acid-bisphenylester (see vol. 485, page 274, 1931) being -W'W 3 12 parts of benzylcllulose (54% of benzyl) are dissolved in a mixture of 66 parts of toluene and V 22 parts of tetrahydrofurane. After adding 1.5

parts of oxalic acld-bis-phenylester being dissolved in some tetrahydrofurane, the lacquer is applied onto a support as described in the foregoing examples and then baked. It is not as easily soluble in pyridine as is a common benzylcellulose film. 7

Example 4 in case in Example 1 the sulfurous acid-bisphenylester is replaced by an equal amount of succinic acid ortho-ethylester, there is obtained a coating which even at a temperature of 200 I C. is stable towards acetone and toluene.

- Succinic acid-ortho-ethylester (Bpldmm.=li3- 116) can be prepared from succino-bis-irninoether -chlorohydrate (see Eerichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft, vol. 16, page 361) and alcohol in the cold.

Formic acid-o.ethylester can be used with a similar result.

Example 5 6 parts of acetylcellulose are dissolved in. 54 parts of glycol monomethyletheracetate. After the addition of 0.03 part of p-toluene-sulfonic acid and 1 part of formaldehyde-di(/3-chloroethyl) -acetal, being dissolved-in the same 501- vent. the solution is treated as described in the foregoing examples. There is obtained an adhesive coating, which if contacted with acetone is only swollen.

We claim:

l. The process of producing coatings and shaped articles of cellulosic materials which are stable to heat and organic solvents which comprises forming a solution of a cellulosic compound selected from the class consisting of cellulose and its alkylated, aralkylated and acylated derivatives which still contain hydroxyl groups, and of a, non-cellulosic polyfunctional compound selected from the class consisting 'of polyesters of polybasic organic acids, esters of ortho organic acids assasae and acetals in a mutual solvent for said cellulosic compound and said polyfunctional compound, shaping said solution, and thereafter heating the same to efiect reaction of the cellulosic compound and the polyfunctional compound with the elimination of a substance selected from the class 'consisting of alcohols and phenols.

2. A composition of matter adapted for the production of coatings and shaped articles of cellulosic compounds which are stable to heat and organic solvents; comprising a solution of a cellulosic compound selected from the class consisting of cellulose and its alkylated, aralkylated and acylated derivatives which still contain hydroxyl groups, and of a non-cellulosic polyfunctional compound selected from the class consisting of polyesters of polybasic organic acids, esters of ortho organic acids and acetals, in a mutual solvent for the'cellulosic compound and the polyiunctional compound.

3. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the cellulose derivative is acetylcellulose.

The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein an acetyl cellulose containing free hydroxyl groups is heated to a temperature up to about 200 C. with oxalic acid bisphenyl ester.

5. A composition of matter as defined in claim 2 in whichthe cellulose derivative is acetyl cellulose.

6. A composition of matter as defined in claim 2 in which the cellulosic compound is acetyl cellulose and the polyfunctional compound is oxalic acid bisphenyi ester.

7. A composition of matter as defined in claim 2, in which the cellulosic compound is acetyl cellulose and the polyfunctional compound is succinic acid crthoethyl ester. a

8. A composition or matter as defined in claim 2 2, in which the cellulosic compound is acetyl cellulose and the polyfunctional compound is formaldehyde-d1(fi-chloro-ethyl)-acetal 9. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein an acetyl cellulose, containing free hydroxyl groups, is heated to a temperature up to about 200 C. with succinic acid-ortho-ethyl ester.

10. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein an acetyl cellulose, containing free hydroxyl groups, is heated to a temperature up to about 200 C. with formaldehyde-di-(,B-chloro-ethyl)- 'acetal.

SIEGFRIED PETERSEN. KARL TAUBE) 

